A Review on Green Concrete Using Fly Ash, Silica Fume and Recycled Coarse Aggregate for Reduction of Carbon Footprint

Abstract

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials due to its strength, durability, and versatility in infrastructure development. However, the production of conventional concrete has a significant environmental impact because cement manufacturing releases a large amount of carbon dioxide, and the continuous extraction of natural aggregates leads to the depletion of natural resources. These environmental concerns have encouraged researchers to explore sustainable alternatives in the construction industry. Green concrete has emerged as an effective solution for reducing the environmental impact associated with conventional concrete production. This review paper focuses on the use of industrial by-products and recycled materials such as fly ash, silica fume, and recycled coarse aggregates in concrete. Fly ash and silica fume act as supplementary cementitious materials that partially replace cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. Recycled coarse aggregates obtained from construction and demolition waste help reduce the demand for natural aggregates while supporting waste management practices. Various research studies indicate that the combined use of these materials can reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties and long-term durability. Therefore, the adoption of green concrete can promote sustainable construction practices and contribute to environmentally responsible infrastructure development.