Assessment of Strength and Engineering Properties of Stabilized Laterite with Burnt Bamboo Leaf as a Fractional Cement Substitute

Abstract

The rising cost of cement and environmental concerns over waste disposal have prompted research into sustainable alternatives for soil stabilization. This study evaluates the efficacy of Burnt Bamboo Leaf (BBL) as a partial cement replacement in stabilizing laterite soil. Laboratory tests classified the soil as A-6 (poor engineering quality) per the AASHTO system. Soil samples were stabilized with BBL at percentages of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 by dry weight and subjected to tests for index properties, California bearing ratio (CBR), compaction, durability, and water absorption. Results indicate that BBL increases Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), reduces Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and enhances CBR. The peak values of CBR occurred at 15% BBL (68.13% cured) and 9% BLA (51.14% soaked). However, high weight loss in durability tests and excessive water absorption (13.70–17.91%) limit its suitability for high-traffic road subgrades. Despite these limitations, BBL offers a sustainable, cost-effective option for low-traffic road applications.