Recent Trends in Semiconductor and Sensor Technology

EcoSort Smart Waste Management System using Sensor-Based Technology

Vikram D. Deshmukh — 2026-06-22

Rapid urbanisation and population growth have dramatically increased the amount of municipal solid waste generated globally. Improper disposal of waste and lack of source segregation cause environmental pollution, health hazards and recycling process problems. In this paper, the design and development of an EcoSort Smart Waste Management System using sensor-based technology is presented. The proposed system is an automated waste classification system that classifies the waste into wet, dry, and metallic categories using IR sensors, moisture sensors, and metal detection sensors integrated with Arduino Nano controllers. The system automates waste sorting with minimum human intervention using servo motors, conveyor mechanisms, relays, and electromagnets. The LCD is used to monitor operational status and waste classification. Experimental evaluation reveals the ability of the system to segregate household waste with satisfactory accuracy and reduced processing time. The proposed model will offer a cost-effective, scalable, and eco-friendly solution for smart waste management for households, institutions and urban communities.

Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Conveyor Safety System Using ESP32

Suhani Jamadar — 2026-07-15

The increasing use of conveyor systems in industrial applications has significantly improved material handling efficiency; however, it also introduces safety challenges such as belt overload, object blockage, and unexpected system failures. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based conveyor safety system using the ESP32 microcontroller for real-time fault detection and monitoring. The proposed system utilizes an INA219 current sensor to monitor motor parameters such as current, voltage, and power, along with an IR sensor for object detection. A threshold-based approach is used to detect abnormal conditions such as overload and blockage. Upon fault detection, the system automatically stops the conveyor motor using a relay, activates an audible alarm, and displays the fault status on a 16×2 LCD. Additionally, real-time system data is transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring and analysis. The developed system provides a low-cost, reliable, and efficient solution to enhance safety in conveyor operations. Experimental results demonstrate that the system responds quickly to fault conditions and effectively prevents potential damage and hazards, making it suitable for small and medium-scale industrial applications.

IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring System using Arduino, ESP8266, and Sensor Fusion for Real-Time Environmental Surveillance

Nikhil B. Patil — 2026-07-15

Air pollution is one of the most critical environmental challenges of the modern era. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost, IoT-based air quality monitoring system capable of real-time measurement and remote reporting of key atmospheric parameters. The system integrates an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, an MQ135 gas sensor (for detecting CO₂, NH₃, benzene, and smoke), and a DHT11 sensor (for temperature and humidity). Measured data is displayed locally on a 16×2 LCD via an I2C module and transmitted to the Blynk IoT cloud platform for remote monitoring. An SD card module provides offline data logging, while LED indicators and audio alerts signal threshold breaches. Experimental results, including field measurements at a traffic junction in Karad, Maharashtra, validate the system’s accuracy, responsiveness, and practical utility. The total hardware cost is approximately ₹5,000, making the solution highly accessible for deployment in smart city, industrial, and residential contexts.