Adaptive Fan Control System for Classrooms
Keywords:
Arduino micro controller, IR (infrared radiation), MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor), Motion sensors, PWM (pulse width modulation), Temperature sensorsAbstract
This paper presents designing and developing an Adaptive fan control system using an Arduino Microcontroller, LM35 sensor and FC-52 IR sensors. The fan speed is adjusted automatically based on room conditions such as temperature and occupancy of the classroom. This study set up the minimum and maximum threshold values for both temperature and occupants within the software. The LM35 temperature sensor measures the ambient temperature of the room and produces a corresponding analog voltage. To measure the occupants in the room, two FC-52 IR sensors are installed both in the entry and exit of the room. The Arduino microcontroller is the central processing unit, and hence it receives the data from the sensors and compares it with the set values. The system is designed to operate only when occupancy is detected, and the temperature exceeds the minimum threshold. Based on the obtained values, the fan speed is regulated using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals, i.e., the higher the temperature and the number of occupants, the larger the duty cycle and the greater the fan speed. Hardware prototyping was made using breadboard assembly, and sensors were calibrated accordingly. Control logic was implemented using Arduino’s software development environment. Experimental results have shown 20-25% energy savings compared to traditional fan setups over 48 hours of testing. Future enhancements may include machine learning algorithms to predict temperatures and manage multi-room ventilation systems.
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