Composite Technologies Shaping the Future of the Textile Industry

Abstract

The textile industry has experienced notable progress with the integration of composite materials, providing better performance and multifunctionality than traditional textiles. Composites, which include a reinforcing phase such as natural, synthetic, or hybrid fibers embedded in a polymer, metal, or ceramic matrix, have made it possible to create lightweight, durable, and high-strength textile products. Their use has spread across various sectors, including technical textiles, protective clothing, sportswear, medical textiles, geotextiles, automotive, aerospace, and construction industries. This review paper provides an overview of the different types of composites utilized in textiles, including Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs), textile structural composites, natural fiber-based composites, and nanocomposites. Fabrication techniques such as Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM), compression moulding, pultrusion, filament winding, and emerging additive manufacturing processes are discussed in relation to their role in tailoring composite properties. Furthermore, the paper addresses the advantages of textile composites, including enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, flame resistance, and functional adaptability. Key challenges such as high production costs, recyclability issues, and lack of standardization are also outlined. Finally, the review emphasizes future research directions, particularly the development of sustainable composites, integration of nanotechnology, smart functionalities, and adoption of Industry 4.0 practices, which collectively promise to shape next-generation textile innovations.