Analysis of Attacks on IoT Components and the Role of Cybersecurity Technologies in IoT Protection
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Blockchain security, Cyberattacks, Cybersecurity technologies, Internet of Things, Intrusion detection system, IoT architecture, IoT securityAbstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized modern communication by connecting billions of smart devices across sectors such as healthcare, transportation, industrial automation, smart homes, agriculture, and critical infrastructure. However, the rapid expansion of IoT ecosystems has also created significant cybersecurity challenges. This is because many of these devices possess limited resources, are diverse in nature, and are widely dispersed, while often being deployed with weak security measures. Attackers exploit vulnerabilities in sensors, embedded firmware, communication protocols, gateways, edge nodes, cloud platforms, and user applications to launch threats such as malware injection, denial-of-service attacks, spoofing, replay attacks, data breaches, and man-in-the-middle attacks. This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of attacks targeting major IoT systems and reviews the cybersecurity technologies developed to counter these threats. This study examines the layered architecture of IoT systems, identifies security vulnerabilities at each layer, and explains how attacks propagate through the ‘device-to-cloud’ process. Furthermore, this study analyzes advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Blockchain, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), ‘Zero Trust’ security, multi-factor authentication, and encryption frameworks as protective mechanisms for modern IoT environments. It also sheds light on current challenges, structural limitations, and future research directions related to the development of flexible, scalable, and secure IoT ecosystems.
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