Architecting Intelligent Homes for Personalized, Sustainable and Efficient Living of the Future
Keywords:
Cloud IoT platform, ESP32 and ESP32 CAM, PIR motion sensing, QR code gate access, Real time monitoring, RF authentication, Smart home automation, Theft detection systemAbstract
This paper presents a cloud-connected intelligent home automation system designed to improve energy efficiency, enhance security, and simplify residential access control through low-cost IoT technology. The system integrates three major functional modules, which operate together as a unified smart home framework. The first module is an automatic light and fan control system that uses a PIR motion sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller to switch appliances based on occupancy, reducing electricity wastage and supporting sustainable living. The second module is a theft detection and alert system that continuously monitors unauthorised door activity. When the door is opened unexpectedly, the ESP32 triggers a buzzer and sends an instant cloud alert to the homeowner, ensuring quick awareness and timely response. The third module is an automatic gate entry system that uses an ESP32 CAM to scan QR codes fixed on registered vehicles. After cloud validation, the system opens the gate automatically, providing secure and contactless access. Additional RF-based entry and a keypad exit mechanism are included to ensure reliability even during network issues. All modules are integrated with a cloud platform that provides real-time monitoring, event logging, and remote control through any internet-enabled device. The proposed system demonstrates a practical, scalable, and affordable approach for developing smart homes that combine automation, safety, convenience, and energy optimisation in a single unified architecture.
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