The Internet of Things: A Systematic Review of Architectures, Applications, and Security Challenges
Keywords:
Automation, Healthcare, IoT, Industrial IoT, Smart cities, Smart agricultureAbstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that connects physical devices, enabling real-time data exchange, automation, and intelligent decision-making. With its rapid adoption across diverse sectors, this paper examines IoT’s impact in key domains, including healthcare, smart homes, agriculture, industrial automation, and environmental monitoring.
In healthcare, IoT enhances patient monitoring, telemedicine, and predictive diagnostics, improving medical outcomes and operational efficiency. Smart homes leverage interconnected devices for optimized energy management, security, and user convenience. In agriculture, IoT-driven precision farming, soil monitoring, and smart irrigation promote sustainable practices and higher productivity. The industrial sector benefits from predictive maintenance, supply chain optimization, and automated manufacturing, driving efficiency and cost savings. Additionally, environmental monitoring utilizes IoT sensors to track air and water quality, aiding disaster prevention and climate change mitigation. Despite its advantages, IoT faces challenges such as data security risks, interoperability issues, high implementation costs, and energy constraints. However, emerging trends such as the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), edge computing, block chain, and 5G are set to enhance IoT’s capabilities while addressing these limitations. By exploring real-world applications, benefits, and challenges, this study provides insights into IoT’s evolving role in improving efficiency, security, and decision-making across industries.
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