UAV-Enabled Smart Metering for Smart Cities: A Review

Qutaiba I. Ali — 2026-01-17

With a focus on improving urban efficiency, sustainability, and human well-being, smart cities are rapidly emerging as a result of the convergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) alongside the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the key drivers of a smart city is the concept of Smart Metering Infrastructure (SMI) as it provides intelligent data collection, monitoring, and control. This article covers the concepts of smart metering, its fundamental elements comprising Smart Meters (SMs), Data Management Centers (DMCs), and communication networks utilizing technologies such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX, and its use in smart city applications. Security and privacy concerns are examined using the CIA triad framework (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability), in addition to accountability requirements and policy implications for data protection. Furthermore, the research investigates the integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for enhanced operational efficiency in smart city applications such as health monitoring, firefighting, Search and Rescue (SAR) operations, and surveillance. Performance analysis reveals that UAVs achieved detection rates exceeding 90% in search and rescue scenarios, while COVID-19 detection systems effectively covered 2 km² areas in approximately ten minutes. Despite these benefits, there are some limitations like high implementation costs, scalability, and data security that remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. The study concludes by identifying future research directions, including the development of adaptive regulatory frameworks, the enhancement of interoperability standards, and the establishment of robust security mechanisms to ensure the seamless deployment of smart metering systems in evolving urban environments.

Summarization of Legal Texts: A Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Applications in Judicial Analysis

Archana Kale — 2026-02-28

The rapid expansion of digital legal information, including court judgments, regulatory notices, and compliance documents, has increased the need for automatic summarization techniques in legal technology. Legal text summarization focuses on condensing extensive, domain-specific materials into concise, coherent, and legally accurate representations to assist judges, lawyers, and regulatory professionals in making faster and more informed decisions. However, the nature of legal writing, which involves specialized terminology, interconnected references, and context-dependent phrasing, presents challenges that are not commonly encountered in general-domain summarization. This review examines major advancements in legal text summarization research published between 2019 and 2025, covering neural extractive methods, abstractive architectures, and hybrid frameworks that incorporate domain knowledge. Evaluation metrics such as ROUGE, BLEU, and BERTScore are discussed together with benchmark datasets developed across multiple jurisdictions. The study highlights key limitations, including the scarcity of annotated legal datasets, multilingual challenges, and concerns related to factual consistency in transformer-based models. It also discusses applications of summarization in improving accessibility of legal information and supporting judicial analysis workflows. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of transparent, domain-adapted, and reliable summarization systems that achieve an effective balance between precision, interpretability, and efficiency.

International Journal of Mobile and Cloud Systems Engineering (e-ISSN: 3108-3315)

UAV-Enabled Smart Metering for Smart Cities: A Review

Summarization of Legal Texts: A Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Applications in Judicial Analysis